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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Hypoxia in fish ： ウィキペディア英語版 Hypoxia in fish Fish are exposed to large oxygen fluctuations in their aquatic environment since the inherent properties of water can result in marked spatial and temporal differences in the concentration of oxygen (see oxygenation and underwater). Fish respond to hypoxia with varied behavioral, physiological, and cellular responses in order to maintain homeostasis and organism function in an oxygen-depleted environment. The biggest challenge fish face when exposed to low oxygen conditions is maintaining metabolic energy balance, as 95% of the oxygen consumed by fish is used for ATP production through the electron transport chain.〔Richards JG. 2009. Metabolic and molecular responses of fish to hypoxia. In Hypoxia, Vol. 27 (ed. Richards JG, Farrell AP, Brauner CJ), pp. 443-485. San Diego: Elsevier.〕 Therefore, hypoxia survival requires a coordinated response to secure more oxygen from the depleted environment and counteract the metabolic consequences of decreased ATP production at the mitochondria. This article is a review of the effects of hypoxia on all aspects of fish, ranging from behavior down to genes. ==Hypoxia tolerance== Hypoxia tolerance in fish can often be determined by assessing the value of critical O2 tension, often referred as Pcrit. Pcrit is a point where an oxy-regulator becomes an oxy-conformer. The oxygen consumption rate (MO2) of oxy-regulators are unaffected by the changes in environmental oxygen tension (PO2), whereas the MO2 of oxy-conformers are affected by the changes in PO2, showing decreased MO2 with decreasing PO2. Individuals with low Pcrit values are usually associated with high hypoxia tolerance while individuals with high Pcrit values tend to be more hypoxia sensitive. However, some species or individuals can be complete oxy-conformers and may not show distinctive Pcrit points. Therefore, experimentally defining hypoxia in such species can be difficult. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Hypoxia in fish」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.